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Bertie the Brain
''Bertie the Brain'', built in Toronto by Dr. Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition, was an early arcade game. Standing at four metres tall, ''Bertie the Brain'' allowed players to play the computer in a game of tic-tac-toe. Sporting adjustable difficulty, the game was controlled by entering a move on a three-by-three grid lit keypad, with the game playing out on a grid of lights overhead. After two weeks on display by Rogers Majestic, the machine was disassembled at the end of the exhibition. It had been built by Kates to showcase his additron tube, a miniature version of the vacuum tube, though the transistor overtook it in computer development shortly thereafter. ''Bertie the Brain'' is a candidate for the first video game, as it was the first computer-based game, appearing only three years after the 1947 invention of the Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device, the earliest known interactive electronic game to use an electronic display. ''Berties lack of visual graphics, however, much less moving graphics, does not meet some definitions of a video game.
==History==
''Bertie the Brain'' was an arcade game of tic-tac-toe, built by Dr. Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition.〔 Kates had previously worked at Rogers Majestic designing and building radar tubes during World War II, then after the war also pursuing graduate studies in the computing center at the University of Toronto.〔 While there, he helped build the University of Toronto Electronic Computer (UTEC), one of the first working computers in the world, and designed his own miniature version of the vacuum tube, called the additron tube, which he registered with the Radio Electronics Television Manufacturers' Association on 20 March 1951 as type 6047.〔〔〔〔 To showcase the new type of tube, he designed a specialized computer to use it, which he nicknamed ''Bertie the Brain'', and built it with the assistance of engineers from Rogers Majestic. The large metal computer, which was four meters tall, could only play tic-tac-toe, and was installed in the Engineering Building at the Canadian National Exhibition from 25 August–9 September 1950.〔〔
The additron-based computer, labeled as "Bertie the Brain" and subtitled "The Electronic Wonder by Rogers Majestic", was a success at the two-week exhibition, with attendees lining up to play it. Kates stayed by the machine when possible, adjusting the difficulty up or down for adults and children. Comedian Danny Kaye was photographed defeating the machine (after several attempts) for ''Life'' magazine.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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